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The tournament without a referee

Visual trapsLevel 4 · Advanced · ●●●●○

In a round robin tournament with $n$ players:

  • each pair plays exactly once,
  • there are no ties.

Can you always order the players in a row
$P_1,P_2,\dots,P_n$ such that each player has beaten the one to his right?
That is to say:

$$ P_1 \to P_2 \to \cdots \to P_n. $$

Hints

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  1. Proof by induction on n: If X beats P_1, place it at the beginning.
  2. Proof by induction in n: Inductive step: suppose a row valid for n-1 players: P_1to P_2to·sto P_ n-1.
  3. Final section: Proof by induction in n: Inductive step: suppose a row valid for n-1 players: P_1to P_2to·sto P_ n-1. Then, in another case, there exists some index i such that: P_ito X and Xto P_ i+1 , and it is inserted between P_i and P_ i+1.

Solution

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Answer: Yes, it always exists.
Proof by induction in $n$:

  • Base $n=1$: trivial.
  • Inductive step: assume a row valid for $n-1$ players:

$$ P_1\to P_2\to\cdots\to P_{n-1}. $$

Add a new player $X$.

  1. If $X$ beats $P_1$, place him at the start.
  2. If $P_{n-1}$ beats $X$, place it last.
  3. Otherwise, there exists some index $i$ such that:

$$ P_i\to X\quad\text{y}\quad X\to P_{i+1}, $$

and is inserted between $P_i$ and $P_{i+1}$.
In all three cases the property “everyone wins the one on the right” is preserved.
By induction, it exists for all $n$.


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